mypy generics - limit by functionality

• A more generic way to define generics is by creating types that need to have certain functionality

from typing import TypeVar
from typing import Protocol, Self
from abc import abstractmethod

class SupportsAdd(Protocol):
    @abstractmethod
    def __add__(self, other: Self) -> Self:
        pass

T = TypeVar('T', bound=SupportsAdd)

# -------------------------------
def add(x: T, y: T) -> T:
    return x + y

z = add(2, 3)
print(z)

# -------------------------------
def adder[T: SupportsAdd](x: T, y: T) -> T:
    return x + y

z = adder(3, 4)
print(z)

from typing import TypeVar
from typing import Protocol, Self
from abc import abstractmethod

class SupportsAdd(Protocol):
    @abstractmethod
    def __add__(self, other: Self) -> Self:
        pass

T = TypeVar('T', bound=SupportsAdd)

# -------------------------------
def add(x: T, y: T) -> T:
    return x + y

z = add(2, 3)
print(z)
q = add("a", "b")

class Point():
    #pass
    def __add__(self, other):
        pass

p1 = Point()
p2 = Point()
p = add(p1, p2)


# -------------------------------
#def adder[T: SupportsAdd](x: T, y: T) -> T:
#    return x + y
#
#z = adder(3, 4)
#print(z)