Keywords

• • =
    • Command line arguments - exit
    • Comparison operators
• """
  • • Triple quoted strings (multiline)
• #
  • • Comments
• $
  • • Anchors
    • MULTILINE M
    • Anchors Other example
• $?
  • • Testing demo: doctest
• %
  • • Operators for Numbers
    • format - sprintf
    • printf using old %-syntax
• %ERRORLEVEL%
  • • Testing demo: doctest
• %s
  • • format - sprintf
    • Select some data WHERE clause
• '''
  • • Triple quoted strings (multiline)
    • Strings as Comments
• ()
  • • Create tuple
    • Grouping and Alternatives
    • List generator
• ()|re
  • • Capture
    • Capture more
• *
  • • Rectangle (numerical operations)
    • String repetition and concatenation
    • Regex match 0 or more (the * quantifier)
    • Quantifiers
    • Variable length argument list with * and
• • • Solution: Calculations
    • Operators for Numbers
    • Variable length argument list with * and
• kwargs
  • • Arbitrary key-value pairs in parameters **
    • Extra key-value pairs in parameters
    • Variable length argument list with * and **
• *args
  • • Variable length argument list with * and **
• +
  • • Add numbers
    • Add numbers entered by the user (oups)
    • String repetition and concatenation
    • Quantifiers
• ++
  • • Operators for Numbers
• +=
  • • Operators for Numbers
• -
  • • Character classes
• --
  • • Operators for Numbers
• --collect-only
  • • PyTest select tests by name
    • PyTest select tests by marker
• --maxfail
  • • PyTest: stop on first failure
• -=
  • • Operators for Numbers
• -c|options
  • • Python on the command line
• -k
  • • PyTest select tests by name
• -m
  • • PyTest select tests by marker
• -q
  • • Pytest quiet mode
    • PyTest print STDOUT and STDERR using -s
• -r
  • • Pytest: show extra test summmary info with -r
• -ra
  • • Pytest: show extra test summmary info with -r
• -rs
  • • Pytest: show skipped tests with -rs
• -rx
  • • PyTest: show xfailed tests with -rx
• -s
  • • PyTest print STDOUT and STDERR using -s
• -v
  • • Pytest verbose mode
• -V|options
  • • Python on the command line
• -x
  • • PyTest: stop on first failure
• .
  • • Any Character
    • Match dot
    • DOTALL S (single line)
• .pth
  • • path to load modules from - The module search path
• /
  • • Operators for Numbers
• //
  • • Operators for Numbers
• 2to3
  • • Convertig from Python 2 to Python 3
• :
  • • String slice (instead of substr)
    • Change a List
• :b
  • • Format characters and types (binary, octal, hexa)
• :c
  • • Format characters and types (binary, octal, hexa)
• :d
  • • Format characters and types (binary, octal, hexa)
• :e
  • • Format floating point number
• :E
  • • Format floating point number
• :f
  • • Format floating point number
• :F
  • • Format floating point number
• :g
  • • Format floating point number
• :G
  • • Format floating point number
• :n
  • • Format characters and types (binary, octal, hexa)
    • Format floating point number
• :o
  • • Format characters and types (binary, octal, hexa)
• :s
  • • Format - string
• :x
  • • Format characters and types (binary, octal, hexa)
• :X
  • • Format characters and types (binary, octal, hexa)
• <
  • • Comparison operators
• <=
  • • Comparison operators
• =
  • • Rectangle (numerical operations)
• ==
  • • if statement again
    • Comparison operators
• >
  • • Comparison operators
• >=
  • • Comparison operators
• ?
  • • Optional character
    • Quantifiers
• ?:
  • • Ternary operator (Conditional Operator)
• ?|sqlite
  • • INSERT data into SQLite database
• @
  • • Decorator
• @classmethod
  • • Class methods
    • Class methods accessing class attributes
    • Alternative constructor with class method
    • Class and static methods
• @property
  • • Use Python @propery to fix bad interface (the bad interface)
    • Use Python @propery decorator to fix bad API
    • Use Python @propery for value validation
• @pytest.mark
  • • PyTest select tests by marker
• @pytest.mark.parametrize
  • • parametrize PyTest with pytest.mark.parametrize
• @staticmethod
  • • Static methods
    • Class and static methods
• [:]
  • • String slice (instead of substr)
    • List assignment and list copy
• []
  • • A character in a string
    • Access elements of a list
    • Character classes
    • List comprehension - double
    • List comprehension - simple expression
• \
  • • Match dot
    • Raw string or escape
• \1
  • • Internal variables
    • More internal variables
• \2
  • • Internal variables
• \3
  • • Internal variables
• \4
  • • Internal variables
• \A
  • • Anchors
    • Anchors Other example
• \b
  • • Anchor edge of word
• \d
  • • Match numbers
    • Common characer classes
• \D
  • • Negated character class
• \P
  • • Named capture
• \s
  • • Common characer classes
• \S
  • • Negated character class
• \w
  • • Common characer classes
• \W
  • • Negated character class
• \w|re
  • • Capture more
• \Z
  • • Anchors
    • Anchors Other example
• ^
  • • Anchors
    • MULTILINE M
    • Anchors Other example
• __add__
  • • Operator overloading methods
• __all__
  • • Export import
    • Export import with __all__
• __class__
  • • Create a class
    • Getting the class name of an object
• __del__
  • • Destructor: __del__
    • Class count instances - decrease also (destructor: __del__)
• __delete__
  • • Python Descriptors
• __enter__
  • • Context manager with class
    • Context managers with class
• __exit__
  • • Context manager with class
    • Context managers with class
• __file__
  • • Relative path
    • Pathlib current file
    • mycalc as a self testing module
• __future__
  • • print in Python 2 as if it was Python 3
    • Integer division and the __future__
• __get__
  • • Python Descriptors
• __iadd__
  • • Operator overloading methods
• __import__
  • • import hooks
• __init__
  • • Initialize instance (not a constructor)
    • Init uses same name as attribute and getters
    • Initialize an instance - (not a constructor), attributes and getters
    • Destructor: __del__
    • Pass parameters to threads - Counter with attributes
    • Python Descriptors
• __init__.py
  • • Create package
    • package importing (and exporting) module
• __iter__
  • • Iterator: a counter
• __le__
  • • Operator overloading methods
• __lt__
  • • Operator overloading methods
• __main__
  • • Conditional main
    • Script or library
• __metaclass__
  • • Abstract Base Class with metaclass
• __mul__
  • • Opearator overloading
    • Operator overloading methods
• __name__
  • • Conditional main
    • Script or library
    • Create a class
    • type
    • Getting the class name of an object
• __next__
  • • Iterator: a counter
• __pycache__
  • • Python modules are compiled
• __radd__
  • • Operator overloading methods
• __repr__
  • • Stringify class
    • Special methods
• __rmul__
  • • Opearator overloading
    • Operator overloading methods
• __set__
  • • Python Descriptors
• __str__
  • • Stringify class
    • Special methods
• *args
  • • Arbitrary number of arguments *
• abc
  • • Abstract Base Class with abc
    • Abstract Class
    • Abstract Base Class with abc Python 2 ?
• abs
  • • sort numbers
    • Numpy: abs value on a Numpy array
• absolute
  • • Numpy: abs value on a Numpy array
• abspath
  • • Relative path
    • OS path
• abstractmethod
  • • Abstract Base Class with abc
• acquire
  • • Lock - acquire - release
    • Multitasking counter with thread locking
• active
  • • Create an Excel file from scratch
• ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C
  • • OpenCV - Adaptive Thresholding
• ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C
  • • OpenCV - Adaptive Thresholding
• adaptiveThreshold
  • • OpenCV - Adaptive Thresholding
• add_cascade
  • • Python Tk Menubar
• add_command
  • • Python Tk Menubar
• after
  • • Python Tk Timer event (after)
• all
  • • all, any
• and
  • • Boolean operators
• any
  • • all, any
• app
  • • Flask: Hello World
• append
  • • [].append
    • Queue using deque from collections
    • Append to file
    • for loop with transformation
• apply
  • • Combine columns to create a new column
    • Add a new column (conditional)
• argparse
  • • Modules to handle the command line
• argv
  • • Command line arguments
    • sys module
• array
  • • What is NumPy
    • Numpy - vector
• askopenfile
  • • Python Tk Filedialog
• askopenfilename
  • • Simple file dialog
    • Python Tk Filedialog
• asksaveasfile
  • • Python Tk Filedialog
• asksaveasfilename
  • • Python Tk Filedialog
• assert
  • • FastAPI - Test Hello World
    • Testing demo: pytest using classes
    • Pytest simple tests - success
    • assert to verify values
• assertEqual
  • • Testing demo: Unittest success
• astype
  • • Numpy: casting - converting from strings to integer.
• async
  • • Print async
    • Async chores
• asyncio
  • • Print async
• AUTOINCREMENT
  • • SQLite in-memory AUTOINCREMENT
• await
  • • Print async
    • Async chores
• basename
  • • OS path
    • Pathlib parts (basename)
• basicConfig
  • • Simple logging
• BeautifulSoup
  • • Beautiful Soup to parse HTML
• begin
  • • SQLAlchemy autocommit
• bgcolor
  • • Turtle screen
• bilateralFilter
  • • OpenCV Bilateral blur
• bind
  • • Python Tk Keybinding
    • Python Tk Combobox
• bisect
  • • Insert element in sorted list using bisect
• bitwise_and
  • • OpenCV - bitwise operations
• bitwise_not
  • • OpenCV - bitwise operations
• bitwise_or
  • • OpenCV - bitwise operations
• bitwise_xor
  • • OpenCV - bitwise operations
• block
  • • Jinja extend template layout block
• blur
  • • OpenCV blur image
• bool
  • • Literals, Value Types in Python
    • Numpy: Logical not on a Numpy array
• BooleanVar
  • • Python Tk Checkbox
• break
  • • for in loop with early end using break
    • Exit vs return vs break and continue
    • break
• bs4
  • • Beautiful Soup to parse HTML
• Button
  • • Python Tk Button
    • Python Tk echo - change text of label
    • Tk: Runner
    • Tk: Old Quit button
    • Solution: Tk - Calculator with buttons
• cache
  • • Decorators caching - with cache
• calcHist
  • • OpenCV - grayscale historgrams
    • OpenCV - color historgrams
• call
  • • External CLI tool to demo subprocess
• canny
  • • OpenCV - Canny Dilate Erode
• capsys
  • • Pytest capture STDOUT and STDERR with capsys
• CascadeClassifier
  • • OpenCV - Face detection
• case
  • • Case or Switch in Python
• CGI
  • • Hello world web
• chdir
  • • Current directory (getcwd, pwd, chdir)
    • cd in a function
• check_password_hash
  • • Flask Simple Authentication + test
• Checkbox
  • • Python Tk Checkbox
• Checkbutton
  • • Tk: Old Checkbox
• choice
  • • Random choice
• chomp
  • • Read file remove newlines
• chr
  • • chr - number to character
• circle
  • • Circle
    • OpenCV - draw circle
• class
  • • Create a class
• classmethod
  • • Use cases for decorators in Python
• close
  • • Open and read file using with (recommended)
    • Filehandle using with and not using it
    • Connect to MySQL
    • SQLAlchemy engine SELECT
• closure
  • • Make incrementor with def (closure)
• codecs
  • • Solution: ROT13
• collections
  • • Queue using deque from collections
    • Change order of keys in dictionary - OrderedDict
    • Set order of keys in dictionary - OrderedDict
    • Default Dict
    • Solution: count characters with default dict
    • Set order of keys in JSON - OrderedDict
    • A file-handle is an iterator
    • Counting words - which implementation is faster?
• color
  • • Python Tk Label - font size and color
    • Create First Image
• COLOR_BGR2GRAY
  • • OpenCV convert BGR to greyscale and back to BGR
• COLOR_BGR2HSV
  • • OpenCV - BGR to HSV
• COLOR_BGR2LAB
  • • OpenCV - BGR to LAB
• COLOR_BGR2RGB
  • • OpenCV - BGR to RGB
• COLOR_GRAY2BGR
  • • OpenCV convert BGR to greyscale and back to BGR
• COLOR_HSV2BGR
  • • OpenCV - BGR to HSV
• COLOR_LAB2BGR
  • • OpenCV - BGR to LAB
• COLOR_RGB2BGR
  • • OpenCV - BGR to RGB
• colorama
  • • Print in color on the CLI
• column_dimensions
  • • Create an Excel file from scratch
• columns
  • • Planets - DataFrame Statistics
• Combobox
  • • Python Tk Combobox
• ComboboxSelected
  • • Python Tk Combobox
• commit
  • • Insert data
    • SQLAlchemy autocommit
• commit|sqlite
  • • Create TABLE in SQLite
• concatenation
  • • Add strings
• config
  • • Python Tk Label - font size and color
• ConfigParser
  • • Solution: Processing config file
• conftest
  • • Add extra command line parameters to Pytest - conftest - getoption
    • Add extra command line parameters to Pytest - as a fixture
    • Add extra command line parameters to Pytest - used in the autouse fixtures
• conftest.py
  • • Share fixtures among test files: conftest.py
• connect
  • • Connect to MySQL
• connect|sqlite
  • • Connecting to SQLite database
• const
  • • Argparse argument with default and optional value
• contextlib
  • • tempdir context manager
• contextmanager
  • • tempdir context manager
• continue
  • • for in loop skipping parts using continue
    • while with many continue calls
    • Exit vs return vs break and continue
    • continue
• copy
  • • Shallow vs. Deep copy of lists
    • shutil module
    • Numpy: copy array
• copytree
  • • shutil module
• count
  • • itertools - count
• Counter
  • • Solution: count words (Counter)
    • Counting words - which implementation is faster?
• COUNT|sqlite
  • • SELECT aggregate data from SQLite database
• cp
  • • shutil module
• cProfile
  • • cProfile slow code
• cpu_count
  • • Multiprocess CPU count
• create_engine
  • • SQLAlchemy engine
• create_sheet
  • • Worksheets in Excel
• create_task
  • • Async sleep in loop
• CREATE|sqlite
  • • Create TABLE in SQLite
• csc
  • • Use .NET libraries from Python
• csv
  • • Reading a CSV file
• ctypes
  • • ctypes - hello
    • Tk: Runner with threads
• curl
  • • Flask: Echo GET - client
    • Flask: Echo POST - client
• currentframe
  • • Name of the current function in Python
• curselection
  • • Python Tk Listbox
• cursor
  • • Select data
    • GitHub GraphSQL paging using cursor
• cursor|sqlite
  • • Connecting to SQLite database
• cwd
  • • Pathlib cwd
• cx_Freeze
  • • Packaging applications (creating executable binaries)
• cycle
  • • itertools - cycle
• date
  • • date fromisoformat (only date, no time)
    • Convert datetime object to date object
    • Today (date)
• datetime
  • • Current date and time datetime now
    • Convert datetime object to date object
    • FastAPI - Dynamic response
• daylight
  • • time module
• deepcopy
  • • Shallow vs. Deep copy of lists
• def
  • • A main function
    • The main function - called
    • Defining simple function
    • Passing positional parameters to a function
• DEFAULT
  • • SQLite in-memory field with DEFAULT value
• default_rng
  • • NumPy array random
    • NumPy Random integers
• defaultdict
  • • Default Dict
    • Solution: count characters with default dict
    • Solution: count words (defaultdict)
    • Counting words - which implementation is faster?
• del
  • • Delete key
• DELETE
  • • Delete data
• delete
  • • Solution: Tk - Calculator one line
• deque
  • • Queue using deque from collections
• describe
  • • Planets - DataFrame Statistics
• detectMultiScale
  • • OpenCV - Face detection
• dict
  • • Dictionary
    • Read key-value pairs
    • Create index-to-value mapping in a dictionary based on a list of values
• dictionary
  • • Dictionary
• DictReader
  • • CSV to dictionary
• dilate
  • • OpenCV - Canny Dilate Erode
• dir
  • • Directory listing
    • Create a class
• dir()
  • • Getting help
• dirname
  • • Relative path
    • OS path
    • Pathlib parents (dirname)
• discover
  • • Add tests
• division
  • • division
• do while
  • • do while loop
    • do while
• doctest
  • • Testing demo: doctest
    • doctest
• dot
  • • Numpy: multiply, matmul, dot for vectors
• DOTALL
  • • DOTALL S (single line)
• dtype
  • • What is NumPy
    • Numpy - vector
    • Numpy - set type
• dtypes
  • • Planets - DataFrame Statistics
• dump
  • • dump
    • Write YAML
• Dumper
  • • Write YAML
• dumps
  • • JSON dumps
    • Round trip
• easy_install
  • • Install Package
• elif
  • • Conditionals: elif
• else
  • • Conditionals: if - else
    • Conditionals: if - else (other example)
    • Exceptions else
• else if
  • • Conditionals: else if
    • Conditionals: elif
• encoding
  • • Solution: ROT13
• end
  • • print in Python 3
• END
  • • Python Tk Listbox
• endfo
  • • Flask Jinja template with loop
• endif
  • • Flask Jinja template with conditional
• Engine
  • • SQLAlchemy engine CREATE TABLE
• Entry
  • • Python Tk echo - change text of label
    • Python Tk Entry (one-line text entry)
    • Tk: Old File selector
    • Solution: Tk - Calculator one line
• enumerate
  • • Enumerate lists
    • Enumerate returns tuples
    • enumerate
• erode
  • • OpenCV - Canny Dilate Erode
• except
  • • Open file exception handling
    • Catch ZeroDivisionError exception
    • Handle divide by zero exception
    • Catching exceptions
    • Counting words - which implementation is faster?
• Exception
  • • Catch all the exceptions and show their type
    • How to raise an exception
    • assert to verify values
• executable
  • • sys module
    • Using Modules
• execute
  • • External CLI tool to demo subprocess
    • Select data
    • SQLAlchemy engine CREATE TABLE
• execute|sqlite
  • • Create TABLE in SQLite
• exists
  • • Does the key exist?
    • OS path
    • Pathlib exists
• exit
  • • Command line arguments - exit
    • Exit vs return vs break and continue
• exitonclick
  • • Line
• expanduser
  • • expanduser - handle tilde ~ the home directory of the user
• extend
  • • [].extend
• extends
  • • Jinja extend template layout block
• eye
  • • Numpy: eye
• f
  • • format - sprintf
    • f-format (formatted string literals)
    • raw f-format
• False
  • • Boolean values: True and False
    • Assign comparisons to variables
    • Numpy: Logical not on a Numpy array
• FastAPI
  • • FastAPI - Hello World
• fetchall
  • • Select all data fetchall
• fetchmany
  • • Select some data fetchmany
• fetchone
  • • Select data
    • SQLAlchemy engine SELECT
• fetchone|sqlite
  • • SELECT aggregate data from SQLite database
• filedialog
  • • Simple file dialog
    • Python Tk Filedialog
    • Tk: Old File selector
• FileHandler
  • • getLogger
• FileNotFoundError
  • • Handle files - exception
• filter
  • • filter
    • filter with lambda
• finally
  • • Exceptions finally
    • Exit and finally
    • Catching exceptions
• find
  • • find in string
• findall
  • • findall
    • findall with capture
    • findall capture
• flake8
  • • F811 - redefinition of unused
• Flask
  • • Python Flask intro
    • Flask: Hello World
• FLASK_APP
  • • Flask: Run Hello World
• FLASK_DEBUG
  • • Flask: Run Hello World
• flask_httpauth
  • • Flask Simple Authentication + test
• float
  • • Literals, Value Types in Python
    • Can we convert a string to int or float?
    • How can I check if a string can be converted to a number?
    • REPL - Read Evaluate Print Loop
• font
  • • Python Tk Label - font size and color
• for
  • • for-in loop on strings
    • for-in loop on list
    • for loop on lists
    • Flask Jinja template with loop
    • for loop or reduce to add numbers?
• fork
  • • Fork
    • Forking
• format
  • • format - sprintf
    • Format columns
    • Examples using format - alignment
    • Format - string
    • Format characters and types (binary, octal, hexa)
    • Examples using format - indexing
• format_stack
  • • No need for exception to print Stack trace
• forward
  • • Line
    • Square (forward, left)
    • Turtle house
• Frame
  • • Python Tk Frame
    • Tk: Old Simple Tk app with class
• Freeze
  • • Packaging applications (creating executable binaries)
• from
  • • Raise Exception from
    • Export import
• fromisoformat
  • • datetime fromisoformat
    • date fromisoformat (only date, no time)
• functools
  • • for loop or reduce to add numbers?
• gather
  • • Print async
    • Async sleep in loop with gather
• GaussianBlur
  • • OpenCV Gaussian blur
• generate_password_hash
  • • Flask Simple Authentication + test
• get
  • • Get key
    • FastAPI - Hello World
    • Python Tk Listbox
• get_dummies
  • • Pandas split multivalue column into separate columns - get_dummies
• getcwd
  • • Current directory (getcwd, pwd, chdir)
    • cd in a function
• getlocale
  • • get and set locale
• getLogger
  • • getLogger
• getpid
  • • Get process ID
    • Fork
• getppid
  • • Get process ID
    • Fork
• getscreen
  • • Turtle screen
• getsizeof
  • • range with list
    • range vs. list size
    • List comprehension vs Generator Expression - less memory
• getturtle
  • • Line
• glob
  • • Directory listing using glob
• glob.glob
  • • Directory listing using glob
• global
  • • Counter with global
• gmtime
  • • time module
• goto
  • • Move turtle without drawing (penup, pendown, goto)
    • Turtle house
• grep
  • • grep
    • filter with lambda
• group|re
  • • Regexes first match
    • Match numbers
• GTK
  • • GUI Toolkits
• GUI
  • • GUI Toolkits
• head
  • • Planets - Show first and last rows
• help()
  • • Getting help
• HORIZONTAL
  • • Python Tk Scale
• hour
  • • Rounding datetime object to date (removing hours, minutes, seconds)
• hstack
  • • Numpy: Horizontal stack vectors (hstack)
• HTTPBasicAuth
  • • Flask Simple Authentication + test
• I
  • • Regex IGNORECASE
• IDLE
  • • IDLE - Integrated DeveLopment Environment
• if
  • • Conditionals: if
    • Conditionals: if - else
    • Conditionals: if - else (other example)
    • if statement again
    • Flask Jinja template with conditional
• ifilter
  • • Filtered Fibonacci with ifilter
• IGNORECASE
  • • Regex IGNORECASE
• Image
  • • Create First Image
• imap
  • • Multiprocess load async
• immutable
  • • Change a string
• imp.reload
  • • Modules: more
• import
  • • How "import" and "from" work?
    • Using Modules
    • Getting help
    • Export import
• imread
  • • OpenCV Read image
• imshow
  • • OpenCV Read image
• imwrite
  • • OpenCV crop, resize and save image
• in
  • • in string
    • index if in string
    • for loop on lists
    • in list
    • Does the key exist?
    • Flask Jinja template with loop
• indentation
  • • Indentation
• index
  • • index in string
    • index in string with range
    • index if in string
    • Where is the element in the list
    • Index improved
    • Planets - DataFrame Statistics
    • Pandas Series
• input
  • • Prompting for user input in Python 3
    • Prompting both Python 2 and Python 3
    • input and raw_input
• insert
  • • [].insert
    • Python MongoDB insert
    • Solution: Tk - Calculator one line
• INSERT
  • • Insert data
    • SQLAlchemy engine INSERT
• insert_one
  • • Python MongoDB insert
• INSERT|sqlite
  • • INSERT data into SQLite database
• insort
  • • Insert element in sorted list using insort
• inspect
  • • Name of the current function in Python
    • Name of the caller function in Python
    • Stack trace in Python using inspect
• int
  • • Literals, Value Types in Python
    • Can we convert a string to int or float?
    • Converting string to int
    • How can I check if a string can be converted to a number?
    • Flask Path or route parameters (int)
    • REPL - Read Evaluate Print Loop
• int8
  • • Numpy - set type
    • Numpy int8
• integer
  • • NumPy Random integers
• INTER_AREA
  • • OpenCV resize (rescale) images
• intersection
  • • set operations
    • set intersection
• io
  • • A file-handle is an iterator
• IOError
  • • Not existing file
• ipywidgets
  • • IPy Widgets
• iris
  • • Kaggle - Iris
    • Multi-feature Classification (Iris)
• is_float
  • • How can I check if a string can be converted to a number?
• is_int
  • • How can I check if a string can be converted to a number?
• isdecimal
  • • How can I check if a string can be converted to a number?
• isdigit
  • • Can we convert a string to int or float?
• isnumeric
  • • How can I check if a string can be converted to a number?
• issubclass
  • • A file-handle is an iterator
• issubset
  • • set operations
    • set subset
• items
  • • Loop using items
• iter
  • • itertools - pairwise
• Iterable
  • • A file-handle is an iterator
• iterables
  • • Iterators (Iterables)
• Iterator
  • • A file-handle is an iterator
• iterdir
  • • Pathlib iterdir (flat)
• itertools
  • • itertools
    • Integers + Integers
    • Filtered Fibonacci with ifilter
• izip
  • • itertools - izip
    • mixing iterators
    • itertools - pairwise
• java
  • • Jython Installation
• Jinja
  • • Python Flask intro
• jinja
  • • Flask Jinja template
• join
  • • join
    • os.path.join
• json
  • • JSON - JavaScript Object Notation
• jsonify
  • • Flask JSON API
    • Flask and AJAX with Vanila JavaScript
    • Flask and AJAX with JQuery
• jython
  • • Jython Installation
• key
  • • sort numbers
    • key sort of strings
    • Sort dictionary keys by value (another example)
• keys
  • • keys
    • Loop over keys
• keyword argument
  • • Function parameters can be named
• kill
  • • Signals and Python
    • Sending Signal
• Label
  • • Python Tk Label
    • Python Tk echo - change text of label
    • Tk: Old Hello World
• lambda
  • • double with lambda
    • What is lambda in Python?
    • Lookup table with lambda
    • Read lines without newlines
    • Read key-value pairs
    • Numpy: Vectorize lambda
• Laplacian
  • • OpenCV - Laplacian Gradients
• layout
  • • Jinja extend template layout block
• LC_CTYPE
  • • get and set locale
• left
  • • Square (forward, left)
• len
  • • Command line arguments - len
    • String length (len)
    • String functions and methods (len, upper, lower)
    • Access elements of a list
    • key sort of strings
    • The Python interactive shell
    • Numpy: Vectorize len
• lint
  • • Static Code Analyzis - Linters
• list
  • • split
    • range with list
    • map with list
• list_dialects
  • • CSV dialects
• Listbox
  • • Python Tk Listbox
• listdir
  • • Directory listing
• load
  • • load
    • Read YAML
• Loader
  • • Read YAML
• loads
  • • JSON loads
    • Round trip
• locale
  • • get and set locale
• Lock
  • • Lock - acquire - release
    • Multitasking counter with thread locking
• logging
  • • Simple logging
    • Multiprocess and logging
• logical_not
  • • Numpy: Logical not on a Numpy array
• lower
  • • String functions and methods (len, upper, lower)
• lru_cache
  • • Decorators caching - with cache
• M
  • • MULTILINE M
• main
  • • A main function
    • The main function - called
• mainloop
  • • Python Tk Label
    • Tk: Old Simple Tk app with class
• makedir
  • • Pathlib mkdir (makedir)
• makedirs
  • • OS dir (mkdir, makedirs, remove, rmdir)
• map
  • • map
    • map with list
    • Read lines without newlines
    • Read key-value pairs
    • map with condtion
    • Multiprocess N files: Pool
    • Multiprocess load
    • Multiprocess: Pool
• map_async
  • • Multiprocess load async
• mapcar
  • • List comprehension
• mark
  • • parametrize PyTest with pytest.mark.parametrize
• math
  • • Solution: Calculations
• matmul
  • • Numpy: multiply, matmul, dot for vectors
• maxlen
  • • Fixed size queue
• medianBlur
  • • OpenCV Median blur
• memory
  • • SQLite in-memory AUTOINCREMENT
    • SQLite in-memory field with DEFAULT value
• Menu
  • • Python Tk Menubar
• merge
  • • OpenCV - Split and merge color channels
• methods
  • • Flask GET and POST in one function
• microsecond
  • • Rounding datetime object to nearest second (removing microseconds)
    • Rounding datetime object to date (removing hours, minutes, seconds)
• microseconds
  • • Rounding datetime object to nearest second (removing microseconds)
• minute
  • • Rounding datetime object to date (removing hours, minutes, seconds)
• mkdir
  • • OS dir (mkdir, makedirs, remove, rmdir)
    • Pathlib mkdir (makedir)
• mkdtemp
  • • tempdir context manager
• MongoClient
  • • Python MongoDB insert
• monkeypatch
  • • Pytest: Hard-coded path - monkeypatch attribute
    • Pytest: Hard-coded path - monkeypatch attribute - tempdir
• move
  • • shutil module
• MULTILINE
  • • MULTILINE M
• MULTIPLE
  • • Python Tk Listbox Multiple
• multiply
  • • Numpy: multiply, matmul, dot for vectors
• multiprocess
  • • Multiprocess N files: Pool
    • Multiprocess load
    • Multiprocess: Pool
    • Multiprocess and logging
• multitasking
  • • Multitasking example
• mypy
  • • mypy
• named parameter
  • • Function parameters can be named
• namedtuple
  • • Named tuple (sort of immutable dictionary)
• nargs
  • • Argparse argument with default and optional value
• nbconvert
  • • Jupyter Notebook convert to other format (nbconvert)
• ndim
  • • Numpy - vector
• next
  • • Iterator: a counter
    • Using iterator with next
    • Generator: function with yield - call next
• non-keyword arg after keyword arg
  • • Several defaults, using names
• None
  • • True and False values in Python
    • Raise Exception from
• nonlocal
  • • Counter closure
• not
  • • Boolean operators
    • Toggle
    • Numpy: Logical not on a Numpy array
• now
  • • Current date and time datetime now
    • Convert datetime object to date object
• nuget
  • • Use .NET libraries from Python
• ones
  • • NumPy arrays: ones and zeros
• open
  • • Open and read file using with (recommended)
    • Writing to file
    • Print to file
    • Filehandle using with and not using it
• OptionMenu
  • • Python Tk OptionMenu
• or
  • • Boolean operators
• ord
  • • ord
    • ord in a file
• OrderedDict
  • • Change order of keys in dictionary - OrderedDict
    • Set order of keys in dictionary - OrderedDict
    • Set order of keys in JSON - OrderedDict
• os
  • • python which OS are we running on (os, platform)
• os.environ
  • • Accessing the system environment variables from Python
• os.listdir
  • • Directory listing
• os.path.exists
  • • Does file exist? Is it a file?
• os.path.expanduser
  • • expanduser - handle tilde ~ the home directory of the user
• os.path.isdir
  • • Does file exist? Is it a file?
• os.path.isfile
  • • Does file exist? Is it a file?
• os.path.join
  • • os.path.join
• os.remove
  • • Remove file
• os.stat
  • • open in for loop
• os.system
  • • External command with system
• os.unlink
  • • Remove file
• os.walk
  • • Traverse directory tree - list directories recursively
• P
  • • Named capture
• pack
  • • Python Tk Label
    • Python Tk Frame
• parametrize
  • • parametrize PyTest with pytest.mark.parametrize
• parent
  • • Pathlib parents (dirname)
• partial
  • • Functool - partial
• parts
  • • Pathlib parts (basename)
• patents
  • • Pathlib parents (dirname)
• path
  • • sys.path - the module search path
    • sys module
    • OS path
    • Directory listing
    • Flask Path or route parameters add (path)
• Path
  • • Pathlib example
• pdb
  • • pdb = Python Debugger
• pendown
  • • Move turtle without drawing (penup, pendown, goto)
• penup
  • • Move turtle without drawing (penup, pendown, goto)
• pep8
  • • PEP8
• pi
  • • Solution: Calculations
• pickle
  • • Serialization of instances with pickle
• PIL
  • • Install Pillow
• Pillow
  • • Install Pillow
• pip
  • • pip
    • Install Package
• platform
  • • python which OS are we running on (os, platform)
• Pool
  • • Multiprocess N files: Pool
    • Multiprocess load
    • Multiprocess: Pool
• pop
  • • Remove element by index [].pop
    • Remove first element of list
    • Delete key
• popleft
  • • Queue using deque from collections
• POST
  • • requests post
• print
  • • print in Python 3
    • Print to file
    • print in Python 3
• print_function
  • • print in Python 2 as if it was Python 3
• print_help
  • • argparse print help explicitely
• printf
  • • printf using old %-syntax
• profile
  • • profile slow code
• Progreessbar
  • • Python Tk Progressbar
• prompt
  • • Prompting for user input in Python 2
    • Prompting for user input in Python 3
• property
  • • Use Python @propery to fix bad API
• pwd
  • • Current directory (getcwd, pwd, chdir)
• py2app
  • • Packaging applications (creating executable binaries)
• py2exe
  • • Packaging applications (creating executable binaries)
• pyc
  • • Python modules are compiled
• PyInstaller
  • • Packaging applications (creating executable binaries)
• pylint
  • • Warn when Redefining functions
• pytest
  • • Testing demo: pytest using classes
    • Use cases for decorators in Python
    • Pytest simple tests - success
• pythonnet
  • • Use .NET libraries from Python
• PYTHONPATH
  • • path to load modules from - The module search path
• Qt
  • • GUI Toolkits
• quantifiers
  • • Quantifiers
• queue
  • • Tk: Runner with threads
• Queue
  • • Create a counter queue
• r
  • • raw strings
    • raw f-format
    • Regexes first match
    • Raw string or escape
• Radiobutton
  • • Python Tk Radiobutton
• raise
  • • How to raise an exception
    • Raise Exception from
    • assert to verify values
• randint
  • • NumPy Random integers
• random
  • • Pseudo Random Number (uniform distribution)
    • Fixed random numbers
    • Solution: Fruit salad
    • NumPy array random
    • NumPy Random integers
• randrange
  • • Rolling dice - randrange
• range
  • • for-in loop on range
    • range
    • range
    • range with list
    • range vs xrange in Python
• RangeIndex
  • • Pandas Series
• raw_input
  • • Prompting for user input in Python 2
    • Prompting both Python 2 and Python 3
    • input and raw_input
• rb
  • • Binary mode
• re
  • • Regexes first match
• read
  • • Read all the characters into a string (slurp)
• read_csv
  • • Planets - Read CSV into Dataframes
• read_excel
  • • Pandas read Excel
• reader
  • • Reading a CSV file
• readlines
  • • Read all the lines into a list
    • Read lines without newlines
    • Read key-value pairs
• rectangle
  • • OpenCV - draw rectangle
• redirect
  • • Flask Redirect
    • Flask Internal Redirect with url_for
• reduce
  • • reduce
    • reduce with default
    • for loop or reduce to add numbers?
• release
  • • Lock - acquire - release
    • Multitasking counter with thread locking
• reload
  • • Modules: more
• remove
  • • [].remove
    • OS dir (mkdir, makedirs, remove, rmdir)
• removedirs
  • • OS dir (mkdir, makedirs, remove, rmdir)
• render_template
  • • Flask Jinja template
• REPL
  • • REPL - Read Evaluate Print Loop
• request
  • • Flask: Echo GET
    • Flask: Echo POST
    • Flask: Echo POST - client
    • Flask GET and POST in two functions
• request.args
  • • Flask: Echo GET
• request.form
  • • Flask: Echo POST
    • Flask: Echo POST - client
• request.method
  • • Flask GET and POST in one function
• requests
  • • get HTML page using requests
    • requests change header
    • requests post
    • Flask: Echo GET - client
• resize
  • • OpenCV resize (rescale) images
• return
  • • Defining simple function
    • Exit vs return vs break and continue
• rfind
  • • find in string
• right
  • • Turtle house
• rindex
  • • rindex in string with range
• rmdir
  • • OS dir (mkdir, makedirs, remove, rmdir)
• rmtree
  • • OS dir (mkdir, makedirs, remove, rmdir)
    • shutil module
• rollback
  • • SQLAlchemy autocommit
• Roslyn
  • • Use .NET libraries from Python
• rot13
  • • Exercise: ROT13
    • Solution: ROT13
    • Exercise: ROT13
    • Solution: ROT13
• round
  • • Floating point -compare using round
    • round
• route
  • • Flask: Hello World
• rstrip
  • • Read file remove newlines
• run
  • • Flask: Run Hello World
    • Threaded counters
    • Simple threaded counters
• r|re
  • • Match numbers
• S
  • • DOTALL S (single line)
• sample
  • • Solution: Fruit salad
• save
  • • Create an Excel file from scratch
• Scale
  • • Python Tk Scale
• scope
  • • Variable scope
• search|re
  • • Regexes first match
• second
  • • Rounding datetime object to date (removing hours, minutes, seconds)
• seed
  • • Fixed random numbers
• SELECT
  • • SQLAlchemy engine SELECT
• selectmode
  • • Python Tk Listbox Multiple
• SELECT|sqlite
  • • SELECT data from SQLite database
    • SELECT aggregate data from SQLite database
• self
  • • Init uses same name as attribute and getters
    • Initialize an instance - (not a constructor), attributes and getters
• sep
  • • print in Python 3
• Series
  • • Pandas Series
• set
  • • Solution: Count unique characters
    • Solution: Create list
    • sets
    • set operations
    • set intersection
    • set subset
    • set symmetric difference
    • set union
• set_max_threads
  • • Multitasking example
• setattr
  • • Pytest: Hard-coded path - monkeypatch attribute
    • Pytest: Hard-coded path - monkeypatch attribute - tempdir
• setlocale
  • • get and set locale
• setup_class
  • • PyTest: Fixture Class setup and teardown
• setup_function
  • • PyTest Fixture setup and teardown xUnit style
• setup_method
  • • PyTest: Fixture Class setup and teardown
• setup_module
  • • PyTest Fixture setup and teardown xUnit style
• shape
  • • What is NumPy
    • Numpy - vector
    • OpenCV resize (rescale) images
• shift
  • • Remove first element of list
• shutil
  • • OS dir (mkdir, makedirs, remove, rmdir)
    • shutil module
• side
  • • Python Tk Frame
• size
  • • Create First Image
• sleep
  • • sleep in Python
• slice
  • • String slice (instead of substr)
    • Remove several elements of list by index
• Sobel
  • • OpenCV - Sobel Gradients
• sort
  • • sort
    • sort numbers
    • Sort dictionary keys by value (another example)
• sort_values
  • • DataFrame sort (sort_values)
• sorted
  • • sorting with sorted
    • Solution: Create list
• split
  • • split
    • Read key-value pairs
    • OpenCV - Split and merge color channels
• sprintf
  • • format - sprintf
• sqlite
  • • SQLite
• stack
  • • Name of the current function in Python
    • Name of the caller function in Python
    • Stack trace in Python using inspect
• stat
  • • open in for loop
• static
  • • Static variable
• staticmethod
  • • Use cases for decorators in Python
• stderr
  • • Writing to standard error (stderr)
• STDIN
  • • Prompting for user input in Python 2
    • Prompting for user input in Python 3
• stdout
  • • Writing to standard error (stderr)
• steps
  • • Square using the circle command
• StopIteration
  • • Generator: function with yield - call next
• StopIteration
  • • Iterator: a counter
• str
  • • Literals, Value Types in Python
• StreamHandler
  • • getLogger
• strftime
  • • time module
    • Current date and time datetime now
• StringVar
  • • Python Tk OptionMenu
• strptime
  • • Converting string to datetime (parsing date and time string)
    • Parse datetime string with and without timezone information
    • datetime arithmeticis (subtract)
• subprocess
  • • External CLI tool to demo subprocess
• substr
  • • String slice (instead of substr)
• suffix
  • • Pathlib get extension (suffix)
• SUM|sqlite
  • • SELECT aggregate data from SQLite database
• super
  • • Inheritance
    • Modes of method inheritance - extend
    • Jinja template inheritance - super
• switch
  • • Case or Switch in Python
• symmetric_difference
  • • set operations
    • set symmetric difference
• sys
  • • Command line arguments
    • sys.path - the module search path
    • sys module
    • Using Modules
• sys.modules
  • • Modules: more
• sys.path
  • • Relative path
• system
  • • External command with system
• tail
  • • Planets - Show first and last rows
• task
  • • Multitasking example
• TBD
  • • SQLite transactions
• teardown_class
  • • PyTest: Fixture Class setup and teardown
• teardown_function
  • • PyTest Fixture setup and teardown xUnit style
• teardown_method
  • • PyTest: Fixture Class setup and teardown
• teardown_module
  • • PyTest Fixture setup and teardown xUnit style
• tempfile
  • • tempdir context manager
• TestCase
  • • Testing demo: Unittest success
• TestClient
  • • FastAPI - Test Hello World
• Text
  • • Python Tk Text
    • Tk: Runner
• TextIOWrapper
  • • A file-handle is an iterator
• Thread
  • • Threaded counters
    • Simple threaded counters
    • Pass parameters to threads - Counter with attributes
• threading
  • • Threaded counters
    • Simple threaded counters
    • Pass parameters to threads - Counter with attributes
    • Multitasking counter with thread locking
    • Tk: Runner with threads
• THRESH_BINARY
  • • OpenCV - Simple Thresholding
• THRESH_BINARY_INV
  • • OpenCV - Simple Thresholding
• threshold
  • • OpenCV - Simple Thresholding
• thresholding
  • • OpenCV - Thresholding
• throw
  • • How to raise an exception
• time
  • • time module
    • Convert datetime object to time object
    • Fork load results
• timedelta
  • • datetime arithmeticis (subtract)
• TimedRotatingFileHandler
  • • Time-based logrotation
• timeit
  • • Counting words - which implementation is faster?
• timezone
  • • time module
• Tk
  • • GUI Toolkits
    • Python Tk Label
    • Tk: Old Simple Tk app with class
    • Tk: Old Getting started with Tk
• tkinter
  • • Python Tk Label
    • Tk: Old Simple Tk app with class
• tmpdif
  • • Pytest: Hard-coded path - monkeypatch attribute - tempdir
• tmpdir
  • • Pytest fixture - tmpdir
    • Pytest and tempdir
• today
  • • Today (date)
• total_seconds
  • • datetime arithmeticis (subtract)
• traceback
  • • No need for exception to print Stack trace
• train_test_split
  • • Split data set
• transpose
  • • Numpy: Array methods: transpose
• trim
  • • Read file remove newlines
• True
  • • Boolean values: True and False
    • Assign comparisons to variables
    • Numpy: Logical not on a Numpy array
• try
  • • Open file exception handling
    • Handle divide by zero exception
    • Catching exceptions
    • Counting words - which implementation is faster?
• tuple
  • • Create tuple
    • Enumerate returns tuples
    • Solution: Combine lists with tuple
    • Arbitrary number of arguments *
• type
  • • type
    • Getting the class name of an object
• tzinfo
  • • Parse datetime string with and without timezone information
    • Timezone aware datetime
• uint8
  • • Numpy uint8
• union
  • • set union
• unique
  • • Solution: Create list
• unittest
  • • Testing demo: Unittest success
    • Add tests
• unlink
  • • OS dir (mkdir, makedirs, remove, rmdir)
• unshift
  • • [].insert
• unzip
  • • Extract zip file
• UPDATE
  • • Update data
• UPDATE|sqlite
  • • UPDATE data in SQLite database
• upper
  • • String functions and methods (len, upper, lower)
• url_for
  • • Flask Internal Redirect with url_for
• urllib
  • • get HTML page using urllib
• ValueError
  • • index in string
    • Raise ValueError exception
• values
  • • values
    • Does the value exist?
    • Planets - DataFrame Statistics
    • Pandas Series
• vectorize
  • • Numpy: Vectorize a function
    • Numpy: Vectorize len
    • Numpy: Vectorize lambda
    • Numpy: Filtering array (selecting some of the values from an array)
• VERBOSE
  • • Regex VERBOSE X
• version
  • • Using Modules
• version_info
  • • sys module
• VERTICAL
  • • Python Tk Scale
• virtualenv
  • • Virtualenv
    • FastAPI - Hello World
• vstack
  • • Numpy: Append or vertically stack vectors and matrices (vstack)
• wait
  • • Fork
    • Forking
• wait_for_tasks
  • • Multitasking example with wait
• waitKey
  • • OpenCV Read image
• walk
  • • Traverse directory tree - list directories recursively
• warn
  • • Warnings
• weakref
  • • Keep track of instances properly (weakref)
• Werkzeug
  • • Python Flask intro
• werkzeug.security
  • • Flask Simple Authentication + test
• WHERE
  • • Select some data WHERE clause
• while
  • • while loop
    • Infinite while loop
• with
  • • Open and read file using with (recommended)
    • Filehandle using with and not using it
    • Context manager: with for file
    • With - context managers
• Workbook
  • • Create an Excel file from scratch
• write
  • • Writing to file
    • Writing to standard error (stderr)
• WSGI
  • • Hello world web
• wxWidgets
  • • GUI Toolkits
• X
  • • Regex VERBOSE X
• xdist
  • • PyTest: Run tests in parallel with xdist
• xfail
  • • Pytest: expect a test to fail (xfail or TODO tests)
• xml
  • • XML Data
• xml.parsers.expat
  • • Expat - Callbacks
• xrange
  • • range vs xrange in Python
• YAML
  • • YAML - YAML Ain't Markup Language
• yield
  • • itertools
    • Generator: function with yield - call next
    • Generator with yield
    • Pytest Fixture - autouse fixtures
• ZeroDivisionError
  • • Divide by 0
    • A simple exception
    • Catch ZeroDivisionError exception
    • Handle divide by zero exception
• zeros
  • • NumPy arrays: ones and zeros
• zip
  • • Solution: Combine lists with tuple
    • Extract zip file
    • zip
    • Combining two lists using zip
    • Creating dictionary from two lists using zip
    • Create index-to-value mapping in a dictionary based on a list of values
    • Integers + Integers
• zipfile
  • • Extract zip file
• {}
  • • format - sprintf
    • Dictionary
• |
  • • Alternatives
    • Combine Regex flags
• ~
  • • expanduser - handle tilde ~ the home directory of the user